Porous Structure of Polymer Films Optimized by Rationally Tuning Phase Separation for Passive All-Day Radiative Cooling.

Passive all-day radiative cooling (PARC) films with porous structures prepared via nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) have attracted considerable attention owing to their cost-effectiveness and wide applicability. The PARC performances of the films correlate with their porous structures. However, the porous structure formed using the NIPS process cannot be finely regulated. In this study, we prepared polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) films with porous structures optimized by rationally tuning the phase separation, which was achieved by adjusting the proportions of two good solvents with varying solubility parameters. The optimized PVDF-HFP film with a hierarchically porous structure exhibited a high solar reflectance of 97.7% and an infrared emissivity of 96.7%. The film with excellent durability achieved an average subambient cooling temperature of approximately 5.4 °C under a solar irradiance of 945 W·m-2 as well as a temperature of 11.2 °C at nighttime, thus demonstrating all-day radiative cooling. The results indicate that the proposed films present a promising platform for large-scale applications in green building cooling and achieving carbon neutrality.

The Derived Components of Gnaphalium hypoleucum DC. Reduce Quorum Sensing of Chromobacterium violaceum.

Gnaphalium hypoleucum DC. was first recorded in the Chinese National Pharmacopoeia "Yi Plant Medicine". There is no detailed report on its main components' activity in suppressing the quorum sensing activity (QS) of bacteria. Our study aimed to screen the main components in extracts of G. hypoleucum DC. in order to measure their effects on bacterial QS activity and to explore specific quorum sensing mechanisms that are affected by G. hypoleucum DC. extracts. Crude extracts of G. hypoleucum DC. contained significant amounts of two compounds shown to inhibit bacterial QS activity, namely apigenin and luteolin. Apigenin and luteolin in crude extracts of G. hypoleucum DC. showed substantial inhibition of pigment formation, biofilm production, and motility in Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472 compared to the effects of other phytochemicals from G. hypoleucum DC. Apigenin and luteolin exhibited a strong QS inhibitory effect on C. violaceum, interfering with the violacein pigment biosynthesis by downregulating the vioB, vioC, and vioD genes. In the presence of signal molecules, the QS effect is prevented, and the selected compounds can still inhibit the production of the characteristic purple pigment in C. violaceum. Based on qualitative and quantitative research using genomics and bioinformatics, we concluded that apigenin and luteolin in crude extracts of G. hypoleucum DC can interfere with the generation of QS in C. violaceum by downregulating the vioB, vioC, and vioD genes. Indeed, G. hypoleucum DC. is used for the treatment of bacterial infections, and this research provides new ideas and potential alternative uses for medicinal plants.

An integrative approach to uncover the components, mechanisms, and functions of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions on male infertility.

Male infertility is a major and growing health problem with an estimated global prevalence of 4.2%. The current therapy is limited by the unknown etiology of MI, emphasizing the critical requirement forward to a more efficient method or medication. Through thousands of years, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been shown to be effective in treating MI effectively. However, the components, mechanisms and functions of TCM prescriptions on MI are still obscure, severely limiting its clinical application. In order to discover the molecular mechanism of TCM against MI, our study presents a comprehensive approach integrated data mining, network pharmacology, molecular docking, UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS, and experimental validation. Here, we begin to acquire 289 clinical TCM prescriptions for MI from a TCM hospital's outpatient department. Then, Core Chinese Materia Medica (CCMM) was then retrieved from the TCM Inheritance Support System (TCMISS), which was utilized to discover the underlying rules and connections in clinical prescriptions. After that, 98 CCMM components and 816 MI targets were obtained from ten distinct databases. Additionally, the network pharmacology methods, including network construction, GO and KEGG pathway enrichment, PPI analysis, were utilized to reveal that kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin, and beta-sitosterol are the core components of CCMM in treating MI. The mechanisms and functions of CCMM against MI are hormone regulation, anti-apoptosis, anti-oxidant stress, and anti-inflammatory. Furthermore, the strong connections between four core components and six key targets were verified using a molecular docking method. Following that, the core components of the CCMM extract were identified using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS analysis. Finally, in vivo experiments demonstrated that CCMM and four core components could improve the density, motility, viability of sperm, lecithin corpuscle density, decrease the rate of sperm malformation and testis tissue damage, and regulate the protein expressions of AKT1, MAPK3/1, EGFR, and TNF-α in a mouse model of MI. UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS analysis and in vivo experiments further validated the results of data mining, network pharmacology, and molecular docking. Our study could uncover the components, mechanisms, and functions of TCM prescriptions against MI and develop a new integrative approach to demonstrate TCM's multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway approach to disease treatment.

Physiological response of Kobresia pygmaea to temperature changes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

BACKGROUND: The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is experiencing rapid climate warming, which may further affect plant growth. However, little is known about the plant physiological response to climate change. RESULTS: Here, we select the Kobresia pygmaea, an important perennial Cyperaceae forage, to examine the physiological indices to temperature changes in different growing months. We determined the contents of malondialdehyde, proline, soluble sugars, superoxide dismutase, peroxidation, and catalase activity in leaves and roots of Kobresia pygmaea at 25℃, 10℃, 4℃ and 0℃ from June to September in 2020. The results showed that the content of osmotic adjustment substances in the leaves and roots of Kobresia pygmaea fluctuated greatly with experimental temperature in June and September. The superoxide dismutase activity in the leaves and roots of the four months changed significantly with temperatures. The peroxidation activity in the leaves was higher than that in the roots, while the catalase activity in leaves and roots fluctuates greatly during June, with a relative stable content in other months. Membership function analysis showed that higher temperatures were more harmful to plant leaves, and lower temperatures were more harmful to plant roots. The interaction of organs, growing season and stress temperature significantly affected the physiological indicators. CONCLUSIONS: The physiological indicators of Kobresia pygmaea can actively respond to temperature changes, and high temperature can reduce the stress resistance Kobresia pygmaea. Our findings suggest that the Kobresia pygmaea has high adaptability to climate warming in the future.

Streptomyces blattellae, a novel actinomycete isolated from the in vivo of a Blattella germanica.

During a screening for novel and useful actinobacteria in desert animal, a new actinomycete was isolated and designated strain TRM63209T. The strain was isolated from in vivo of a Blattella germanica in Tarim University in Alar City, Xinjiang, north-west China. The strain was found to exhibit an inhibitory effect on biofilm formation by Candida albicans ATCC 18,804. The strain was observed to form abundant aerial mycelium, occasionally twisted and which differentiated into spiral spore chains. Spores of TRM63209T were observed to be oval-shaped, with a smooth surface. Strain TRM63209T was found to grow optimally at 28 °C, pH 8 and in the presence of 1% (w/v) NaCl. The whole-cell sugars of strain TRM63209T were rhamnose ribose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose, and the principal polarlipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phos-phatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, phosphatidylinositol and an unknown phospholipid(L). The diagnostic cell wall amino acid was identified as LL-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant menaquinone was found to be MK-9(H6) (14.64%), MK-9(H2) (19.65%), MK-9(H8) (22.34%), MK-10(H2) (25.37%). The major cellular fatty acids were identified as iso-C16:0, 16:0, anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C15:0 and Sum in Feature 3. Analysis of the 16S rRNA sequence showed that strain TRM63209T exhibits high sequence similarity to Streptomyces bungoensis strain DSM 41781T 98.20%. A multi-locus sequence analysis of five house-keeping genes (atpD, gyrB, rpoB, recA and trpB) and phylogenomic analysis also illustrated that strain TRM63209T should be assigned to the genus Streptomyces. The DNA G + C content of the strain was determined to be 70.2 mol%. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) between strain TRM63209T and S. bungoensis DSM 41781T, Streptomyces phyllanthi PA1-07T, Streptomyces longwoodensis DSM 41677T and Streptomyces caeruleatus NRRL B-24802T were 82.76%, 82.54%, 82.65%, 84.02%, respectively. Digtal DNA-DNA (dDDH) hybridization were 26.30%, 25.10%, 26.20%, 29.50%, respectively. Therefore, it is concluded that strain TRM63209T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces blattelae is proposed. The type strain is TRM63209T (CCTCC AA 2018093T = LMG 31,403 = TRM63209T).

An Integrated Analysis of Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Experiment Validation to Explore the New Candidate Active Component and Mechanism of Cuscutae Semen-Mori Fructus Coupled-Herbs in Treating Oligoasthenozoospermia.

PURPOSE: One of the most common types of male infertility is recognized as oligoasthenozoospermia (OA), characterized by low sperm count and quality in males. As a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Cuscutae Semen-Mori Fructus coupled-herbs (CSMFCH) has been known to act a curative effect on OA for thousands of years. Nevertheless, the substantial basis and molecular mechanism of CSMFCH in treating OA remain elusive. METHODS: Herein, an integrated approach, including network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experiment validation, was utilized to reveal the new candidate active component and mechanism of CSMFCH in treating OA. RESULTS: The results show that kaempferol is the most significant bioactive component of CSMFCH on OA. The mechanism and targets of CSMFCH against OA are relevant to hormone regulation, oxidant stress, and reproductive promotion. In order to validate network pharmacology results, molecular docking and experiment validation were conducted. In detail, molecular docking was employed to verify the strong binding interactions between kaempferol and the core targets. UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS was used to identify kaempferol in the CSMFCH extract. In vitro and in vivo experiments further proved CSMFCH and kaempferol could enhance the mouse Leydig (TM3) and mouse Sertoli (TM4) cell viability, improve the male reproductive organ weights, sperm quality, and decrease testis tissue damage in the OA mouse model induced by CP. CONCLUSION: Our results not only identify the new candidate active component of CSMFCH in treating OA but also provide new insights into the mechanisms of CSMFCH against OA.

Network pharmacology integrated molecular docking reveals the bioactive components and potential targets of Morinda officinalis-Lycium barbarum coupled-herbs against oligoasthenozoospermia.

Oligoasthenozoospermia (OA) is one of the most common types of male infertility affecting sperm count and sperm motility. Unfortunately, it is difficult for existing drugs to fundamentally improve the sperm quality of OA patients, because the pathological mechanism of OA has not been fully elucidated yet. Morinda officinalis-Lycium barbarum coupled-herbs (MOLBCH), as traditional Chinese Medicines, has been widely used for treating OA over thousands of years, but its molecular mechanism is still unclear. For this purpose, we adopted a comprehensive approach integrated network pharmacology and molecular docking to reveal the bioactive components and potential targets of MOLBCH against OA. The results showed that MOLBCH alleviated apoptosis, promoted male reproductive function, and reduced oxidant stress in the treatment of OA. Ohioensin-A, quercetin, beta-sitosterol and sitosterol were the key bioactive components. Androgen receptor (AR), Estrogen receptor (ESR1), Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3), RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1), Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were the core potential targets. PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, prostate cancer, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications were the most representative pathways. Moreover, molecular docking was performed to validate the strong binding interactions between the obtained core components and targets. These observations provide deeper insight into the pathogenesis of OA and can be used to design new drugs and develop new therapeutic instructions to treat OA.

[Medication experience of TCM Master Academician Wang Qi in the treatment of premature ejaculation: Data mining and analysis].

Objective: To analyze the academic thought, medication experience and prescription rules of Academician Wang Qi in the treatment of premature ejaculation (PE) using the TCM inheritance support platform (V2.5). METHODS: We collected and sorted out the medical records on the treatment of PE from Academician Wang Qi's Clinic. We established a database of medical records on the TCM inheritance support platform, analyzed the drugs and prescriptions in the database and explored new prescriptions using "statistical reports" and "data analysis" systems on the platform. RESULTS: A total of 91 effective prescriptions were recorded, involving 148 TCM drugs, with Phellodendron, Amomum Villosum, Polygala Tenuifolia, Tuckahoe, Lodestone, Oyster, Acanthopanax Senticosus, Uncaria, Tribulus, and Keel as the top 10 with the highest frequency of use, which were featured mainly by "warm" and "cold" concerning the four natures, "sweet", "bitter" and "pungent" relating to the five flavors, and acting on "kidney meridian", "liver meridian" and "heart meridian" in terms of the meridian tropisms. In addition, 5 new prescriptions were obtained through unsupervised entropy hierarchical clustering. CONCLUSIONS: In the treatment of PE, Academician Wang Qi employs tranquilizing the mind and consolidating the kidney (An Zhi Gu Shen) as the primary strategy, taking into account the three organs of heart, liver and kidneys, focusing on the phase of calming the mind or regulating the liver or clearing the kidney or controlling fire, and adding or reducing drugs according to different conditions and syndromes, which conforms to his diagnosis and treatment mode of "body differentiation－disease differentiation－syndrome differentiation". The analysis of the potential new prescriptions also accords with Academician Wang Qi's rules of medication, which can provide some ideas for the clinical treatment of and scientific researches on premature ejaculation in the future.

[Academician Wang Qi's medication rules for oligoasthenozoospermia: An analysis based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Auxiliary Platform].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the medication rules for oligoasthenozoospermia (OAZ) observed by Wang Qi, an academician, master of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and initiator of andrology in TCM. METHODS: We collected the outpatient cases of OAZ treated by Wang Qi and established a database of clinical medical records using the TCM Inheritance Auxiliary Platform. Employing the integrated rule-based system for analysis of the software, we modified the mutual information method, complex system entropy clustering analysis and other data mining methods, and summarized the medication rules Wang Qi followed in the treatment of OAZ. RESULTS: A total of 134 prescriptions made by Wang Qi for the treatment of OAZ were collected, involving 110 TCM drugs, which are mainly neutral and warm in nature and taste sweet and mostly act through the liver and kidney meridians. The core formula ingredients of the prescriptions included Morinda officinalis, Cuscuta chinensis, Lycium barbarum, Mulberry, Angelica sinensis, Astragalus mongholicus and Fish Maw, and most frequently Morinda officinalis, Cuscuta chinensis, Lycium barbarum and Mulberry. CONCLUSIONS: Wang Qi holds that kidney deficiency, dampness-heat, blood stasis and toxin are the main pathogenic factors for OAZ. The basic treatment of OAZ is to invigorate the kidney and replenish the essence, and meanwhile activate blood circulation, dissipate stasis and eliminate dampness-heat.

Evaluation of Dose Derived From HTO for Adults in the Vicinity of Qinshan Nuclear Power Base.

Tritium that is released from nuclear facilities, especially from nuclear reactor units, may be the main origination of tritium in the environment. Atmospheric tritiated water (HTO) is the main chemical form of tritium that is released from nuclear reactor units. HTO in the air, drinking water and foods should be monitored routinely to protect public from the radiological hazards of tritium. Here, concentrations of HTO in the air, drinking water and foods in the vicinity of Qinshan Nuclear Power (QNP) base were measured from 2012 to 2016. And based on the concentrations of HTO measured, annual dose equivalent and collective dose equivalent for adults were calculated to evaluate the radiological hazards derived from HTO. The annual dose equivalent for adults in Qinshan and Wuyuan communities were both far below the dose limit for public exposure, and both showed an increasing trend, indicating that great attention still should be payed to the releasing of tritium from nuclear reactor units in the QNP base.

Effects of permafrost collapse on soil bacterial communities in a wet meadow on the northern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

BACKGROUND: Permafrost degradation may develop thermokarst landforms, which substantially change physico-chemical characteristics in the soil as well as the soil carbon stock. However, little is known about changes of bacterial community among the microfeatures within thermokarst area. RESULTS: We investigated bacterial communities using the Illumina sequencing method and examined their relationships with soil parameters in a thermokarst feature on the northern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. We categorized the ground surface into three different micro-relief patches based on the type and extent of permafrost collapse (control, collapsing and subsided areas). Permafrost collapse significantly decreased the soil carbon density and moisture content in the upper 10 cm samples in the collapsing areas. The highest loading factors for the first principal component (PC) extracted from the soil parameters were soil carbon and nitrogen contents, while soil moisture content and C:N ratios were the highest loading factors for the second PC. The relative abundance of Acidobacteria decreased with depth. Bacterial diversity in subsided areas was higher than that in control areas. CONCLUSIONS: Bacterial community structure was significantly affected by pH and depth. The relative abundance of Gemmatimonadetes and Firmicutes were significantly correlated with the first and second PCs extracted from multiple soil parameters, suggesting these phyla could be used as indicators for the soil parameters in the thermokarst terrain.

[Bioavailability of Dissolved Organic Carbon in Rivers for Typical Vegetation Types in the Permafrost Regions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau].

Samples collected from 12 rivers with typical vegetation types in the permafrost regions on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were incubated in the laboratory, and the relationships among the vegetation types, river discharges, the compositions of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), permafrost areas, riverine DOC concentration, biodegradability of dissolved organic carbon (BDOC), and the biodegradation kinetics were examined. The results showed that the DOC concentrations of typical vegetation types in the basin, such as alpine meadow (AM), alpine swamp meadow-alpine meadow (ASM-AM), alpine meadow-alpine steppe (AM-AS), and alpine meadow-alpine steppe-bare soil (AM-AS-BL), were (5.17±0.21), (5.02±0.50), (3.55±0.25), and (2.79±0.41) mg ·L-1, respectively. The values for the bioavailability of river DOC of different vegetation types were (23.54±2.62)%, (23.66±3.31)%, (18.17±5.26)%, and (11.72±15.56)%, respectively. Correspondingly, the riverine DOC aromaticity increased along with the vegetation cover, while the biodegradation and degradation rates decreased gradually. During the incubation, the reaction of BDOC was in accordance with the first-order kinetics equation. Furthermore, the BDOC in continuous permafrost regions of the rivers was greater than that in the non-continuous permafrost regions. The BDOC in higher discharges were lower than those with lower discharges. Taken together, the results suggested that the vegetation types were the main controlling factors for the BDOC, and BDOC was also related to the discharge and permafrost.

Influence of land cover on riverine dissolved organic carbon concentrations and export in the Three Rivers Headwater Region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

The Qinghai-Tibetan plateau (QTP) stores a large amount of soil organic carbon and is the headwater region for several large rivers in Asia. Therefore, it is important to understand the influence of environmental factors on river water quality and the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export in this region. We examined the water physico-chemical characteristics, DOC concentrations and export rates of 7 rivers under typical land cover types in the Three Rivers Headwater Region during August 2016. The results showed that the highest DOC concentrations were recorded in the rivers within the catchment of alpine wet meadow and meadow. These same rivers had the lowest total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations. The rivers within steppe and desert had the lowest DOC concentrations and highest TSS concentrations. The discharge rates and catchment areas were negatively correlated with DOC concentrations. The SUVA254 values were significantly negatively correlated with DOC concentrations. The results suggest that the vegetation degradation, which may represent permafrost degradation, can lead to a decrease in DOC concentration, but increasing DOC export and soil erosion. In addition, some of the exported DOC will rapidly decompose in the river, and therefore affect the regional carbon cycle, as well as the water quality in the source water of many large Asian rivers.

Angiogenesis in JAK2 V617F positive myeloproliferative neoplasms and ruxolitinib decrease VEGF, HIF-1 enesis in JAK2 V617F positive cells.

Angiogenesis and JAK2 V617F mutation are common in BCR-ABL1 negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). Ruxolitinib, a JAK inhibitor, is an effective treatment for some MPNs. However, the relationship between angiogenesis and JAK2 V617F and the effects of ruxolitinib on angiogenesis are still unknown. Here, we observed the correlation of JAK2 V617F mutation burden with VEGF, HIF-1a and microvascular density (MVD) in MPNs. We investigate the effect of ruxolitinib on the expression of VEGF and HIF-1α in JAK2 V617F positive cells. We found the expression levels of p-JAK2, VEGF, HIF-1a and MVD in the newly diagnosed MPNs were significantly increased and were related to the JAK2 V617F burden. Ruxolitinib can inhibit p-JAK2, VEGF, HIF-1a expression and suppress blood vessels' formation in chick embryo choriallantoic membrane. Our findings indicated that angiogenesis is related to JAK2 V617F burden and ruxolitinib could decrease VEGF and HIF-1a expression in JAK2 V617F positive cells.

Permafrost and land cover as controlling factors for light fraction organic matter on the southern Qinghai-Tibetan plateau.

Permafrost degradation can stimulate the decomposition of organic soil matter and cause a large amount of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. The light fraction organic matter (LFOM) is a labile substrate for microbial decomposition and probably plays an important role in future permafrost carbon cycles. However, little is known about the distribution of LFOM and its relationship with permafrost and environmental factors. Here, we investigated the light fraction carbon (LFC) and nitrogen (LFN) contents and stocks under meadows and wet meadows with different permafrost conditions on the southern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Our results showed that LFC and LFN were mainly distributed in the upper 30cm of soils, and the sites with permafrost had significantly higher contents of LFC and LFN than those from the sites without existing permafrost. The LFC and LFN decreased sharply with depth, suggesting that the soil organic matter (SOM) in this area was highly decomposed in deep soils. Soil moisture and bulk density explained approximately 50% of the variances in LFC and LFN for all the sampling sites, while soil moisture explained approximately 30% of the variance in permafrost sites. Both the C:N ratios and LFC:LFN ratios in the sites with permafrost were higher than those in the sites without permafrost. The results suggested that the permafrost and land cover types are the main factors controlling LFOM content and stock, and that permafrost degradation would lead to a decrease of LFOM and soil C:N ratios, thus accelerating the decomposition of SOM.

BS12-assisted flotation for the intensification of SNPs separation from CMP wastewater using a novel flotation column.

In view of the extremely small size, high stable dispersion and intricate colloidal nature of silica nanoparticles (SNPs) in chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) wastewater, they might not only have hazards for environment and human health, but also cause low separation efficiency by classical water-treatment processes. Thus, it would be an important challenge to develop an efficient flotation technology for the separation SNPs. For this propose, this paper firstly presented the interaction between SNPs and dodecyl dimethyl betaine (ambient-friendly surfactant). Secondly, a novel flotation column was developed for strengthening interfacial adsorption by micro-bubbles and enhancing foam drainage by internal of regular-decagonal hollow frustum (RHF). One vital finding was that the mixture of micro-bubbles and macro-bubbles was conducive to improving the flotation performance. Under the suitable operating conditions, the enrichment ratio (E) and recovery percentage (R) of SNPs could reach 30.4±1.5 and 90.8±4.5%, respectively. The great E and R were obtained simultaneously, revealing a good participation of RHF in the flotation. Without a doubt, owing to the low chemical reagent addition and the high flotation performance, it was clear that our flotation has huge implications for the separation of nanoparticles from their wastewaters.

Vertical patterns and controls of soil nutrients in alpine grassland: Implications for nutrient uptake.

Vertical patterns and determinants of soil nutrients are critical to understand nutrient cycling in high-altitude ecosystems; however, they remain poorly understood in the alpine grassland due to lack of systematic field observations. In this study, we examined vertical distributions of soil nutrients and their influencing factors within the upper 1m of soil, using data of 68 soil profiles surveyed in the alpine grassland of the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) stocks decreased with depth in both alpine meadow (AM) and alpine steppe (AS), but remain constant along the soil profile in alpine swamp meadow (ASM). Total phosphorus, Ca2+, and Mg2+ stocks slightly increased with depth in ASM. K+ stock decreased with depth, while Na+ stock increased slightly with depth among different vegetation types; however, SO42- and Cl- stocks remained relatively uniform throughout different depth intervals in the alpine grassland. Except for SOC and TN, soil nutrient stocks in the top 20cm soils were significantly lower in ASM compared to those in AM and AS. Correlation analyses showed that SOC and TN stocks in the alpine grassland positively correlated with vegetation coverage, soil moisture, clay content, and silt content, while they negatively related to sand content and soil pH. However, base cation stocks revealed contrary relationships with those environmental variables compared to SOC and TN stocks. These correlations varied between vegetation types. In addition, no significant relationship was detected between topographic factors and soil nutrients. Our findings suggest that plant cycling and soil moisture primarily control vertical distributions of soil nutrients (e.g. K) in the alpine grassland and highlight that vegetation types in high-altitude permafrost regions significantly affect soil nutrients.

[Inhibitors of JAK2/STAT Signaling Pathway and Hematologic Malignancies-Review].

Jauns kinase (JAK)/transducer and activator of transcription（STAT） pathway is a classical approach to study the rapid changes of the gene expression in specific target cells by a variety of extracellular signals. The JAK and STAT transfer cytokine receptor signaling plays a unique role in multiple cellular and molecular biological changes.The abnormal signal of JAK/STAT pathway will lead to the hematopoietic abnormalities.Studies had shown that the abnormal activation of JAK2/STAT signaling pathway are in many kinds of malignant hematological diseases, such as in acute lymphoblastic/myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, lymphoma, myelodysplastic syndromes, myeloprofilerative neoplasm, especially in the patients of myeloproliferative neoplasm(MPN) with JAK gene mutation(JAK2V617F), this mutation has an important value for MPN diagnosis. At present, the effect of the specific inhibitors of JAK2 has showed good perspective, which had been applied to clinic treatment and achieved remarkable curative effect. In this review, the JAK2/STAT signaling transduction, the JAK2 signal and hematologic malignancies, the kagulation of signaling pathway and the inhibitors of JAK2/STAT signaling pathway are summarized.

[Effect of IFN-α2b on COX-2 and Angiogenesis in JAK2V617F Mutation Myeloproliferative Neoplasms].

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the influence of interferon-alpha-2b (IFN-α2b) with JAK2 kinase, COX-2 and microvessel density in patients of MPN and the relation of JAK2V617F and COX-2 in human erythroleukemia cell line (HEL) cells. METHODS: Forty-two cases of MPN patients with JAK2V617F mutation of initial treatment were collected from the Frist hospital of Baoding, including the IFN-α2b treatment group with 17 cases and untreated group with 25 cases. 10 cases of idiopathic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) patients synchronization were enrolled as controls. JAK2V617F/JAK2 mutation burden of MPN patients was detected by real time PCR (qRT-PCR);the expression levels of p-JAK2, COX-2 and microvascular density (MVD) marked with CD105 inpathological tissues of bone marrow in patients of MPN and ITP were detected by immunohistochemistry. The HEL cells were treated with different concentrations of IFN-α2b. The cell proliferation inhibition rate was calculated by CCK-8 test;the apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry; cell migration ability was tested by transwell chambers. JAK2 and COX-2 mRNA were detected by semi-quantitative PCR; p-JAK2 and COX-2 protein in HEL cells were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS: The expression levels of p-JAK2, COX-2 protein and MVD in untreated group were significantly higher than those of control groups. p-JAK2, COX-2 and MVD levels were significantly reduced in patients treated with IFN-α2b. Cell growth inhibition rates and apoptosis rates raise up by dose of IFN-α2b in HEL cells at 48 h.The mRNA expression levels of JAK2 and COX-2 as well as protein expression levels of p-JAK2 and COX-2 had a decreasing tendency with the increase of IFN-α2b concentration at 48 h.The migration capacity level of HEL cells which treated with 0.5×10 4 U/L IFN-α2b after 24 h was lower than that of control group. CONCLUSIONS: Angiogenesis of MPN and COX-2 were inhibited by IFN-α2b which regulates JAK2 signal pathway.